Springs are generally made of spring steel, but other materials such as stainless steel, rubber, memory alloys, etc. are also used for special types of springs. The production process of springs can be divided into two types: cold coiling and hot coiling.

Our company mainly adopts the cold coiling method, which can produce various cylindrical helical springs, conical helical springs, cylindrical tension springs, torsion springs, etc. with a wire diameter of 0.8 to 5.0 mm. The materials include: 65Mn, 60Si2Mn, 55CrSi, SWPA piano wire, 304 stainless steel, etc.

The production process of cylindrical helical springs is: forming → tempering stress relief → grinding end → surface treatment → packaging. According to the fatigue performance requirements of the spring, strong pressure, shot blasting, sand blasting and other processes can also be added. According to the use environment of the parts, the surface of the spring can be oxidized, phosphated, electrophoresed, electroplated, painted, etc. Electroplating and other processes require pickling during the production process, so generally after the production is completed, dehydrogenation treatment is required to prevent hydrogen embrittlement of the spring.

According to the nature of the force, springs can be divided into tension springs, compression springs, torsion springs and bending springs; according to the shape, they can be divided into disc springs, annular springs, leaf springs, spiral springs, truncated cone scroll springs and torsion bar springs; according to the manufacturing process, they can be divided into cold-rolled springs and hot-rolled springs. Ordinary cylindrical springs are the most widely used because they are simple to manufacture and can be made into various types according to the load conditions. They have a simple structure.

Generally speaking, the manufacturing materials of springs should have high elastic limit, fatigue limit, impact toughness and good heat treatment properties. Commonly used ones include carbon spring steel, alloy spring steel, stainless spring steel, copper alloy, nickel alloy and rubber.

There are two methods for manufacturing springs: cold rolling and hot rolling. Spring wires with a diameter of less than 8 mm are generally cold-rolled, and those with a diameter of more than 8 mm are hot-rolled. Some springs are also subjected to strong pressure or shot peening after being made to improve the bearing capacity of the spring.

1. According to the different characteristics of the load during work, the coil spring can be divided into three types: compression, tension and torsion.

Torsion spring (torsion spring): generates mechanical energy by twisting or rotating elastic materials, often used in mechanical balancing mechanisms, and widely used in automobiles, machine tools, electrical appliances and other fields.

Compression spring (compression spring): bears axial pressure, deforms and stores energy when the spring is compressed, has various shapes, and is divided into equal pitch and variable pitch springs, the latter of which is becoming more and more popular.

Tension spring (tension spring): bears axial tension, usually the coils are tight, and uses rebound force to control movement, store energy, etc. It is widely used in machines and instruments, and has a variety of hook shapes.

2. According to the structural characteristics, it can be divided into two categories: cylindrical coil springs and variable diameter coil springs; variable diameter coil springs mainly bear compression loads.

3. According to its shape characteristics, it can be divided into conical, volute, concave and convex.

4. In production and use, coil springs can also be divided into two categories according to the forming method and material diameter: large coil springs and small coil springs; the former is usually hot-formed, and the latter is cold-formed.

Springs are widely used in various mechanical equipment, such as clocks, toys, cars, mechanical watches, etc. When using springs, you need to pay attention to the load limit and avoid exceeding its rated load to avoid deformation, failure or even breakage of the spring. At the same time, you also need to pay attention to the performance changes of the spring during long-term use, such as elastic attenuation, dimensional changes, etc., and conduct regular inspections and maintenance.

Springs have the function of storing energy, but they cannot release energy slowly. To achieve the slow release of energy, it is usually necessary to combine it with a large transmission ratio mechanism. The parameters of the spring include the working length (the length of the spring when it bears the working load), the spring stiffness (the load required to make the spring produce a unit deformation, the larger the value, the harder the spring), and the direction of rotation (divided into left-handed and right-handed).